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The repeating of a visual element of the design to relate the parts to one another.  It is one way to add Unity to a piece of artwork. By repeating an object within a composition your can create a sense of whole to the overall piece. 

REPETITION

DEFINITION

EXPLAINING BALANCE

Other information

Repetition refers to one object or shape repeated in a recurring.

An element that occurs over and over again in compostion

Repetition involves the use of pattering timed movement and a visual "beat".

This image shows repetition because there is a lot of leaves. They also show a lot of repetition because the leaves are different sizes.  The leaves are not fully green, the reflection makes them look like they have white on them. They come from a huge tree. 

Repeated use of a shape, color, or other art element or design in a work can help unify different parts into a whole. The repetition might be limited to only an instance or two: not enough to create a pattern or rhythm, but enough to cause a visual echo and reinforce or accent certain aspects of the work.

PATTERN: Are groups of elements or motifs that repeat in a predictable manner. Artlex lists ten different classes of pattern, given below. I'm not sure where they pulled this out of, but it's enough to get you thinking.

GRADUATION: Applies to the incremental change in the state of a design element.

RHYTHM: When motifs or elements are repeated, alternated, or otherwise arranged, the intervals between them or how they overlap can create rhythm and a sense of movement. In visual rhythm, design motifs become the beats. Rhythms can be broadly categorized as random, regular, alternating, flowing, and progressive.

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